Optimum Humidity for Ostrich Incubation
By Pas Reform. Ostriches are indigenous to Africa, although today it is not uncommon to find them being farmed commercially around the world for meat and leather production.

Creating the Ideal Hatching Climate
By Pas Reform. The transfer of eggs from setter trays to hatcher baskets is routine in the hatchery, while the embryo continues to develop.

The Benefits of Single-Stage Incubation to Food Safety
Typically, papers on single-stage incubation focus on the benefits of all-in-all-out incubator management from the points of hatchability (number of chicks) and uniformity (chick quality), according to PAS Reform. Much less is written about the positive...

Maximising in-ovo vaccination success
By Ron Meijerhof, Senior technical specialist, Hybro B.V. In-ovo vaccination by injection, particularly for protection against Marek’s disease, is becoming increasingly popular as a time and labour saving method.

Parthenogenesis: Embryonic development in unfertilized eggs may impact normal fertilization and embryonic mortality
By C. D. McDaniel, PhD Professor, Poultry Science and published in MSU Poultry Dept. Spring Newsletter Vol. 1 Issue 1.

The real cost of investment in incubation
By Ron Meijerhof, Senior Technical Specialist, Hybro B.V. - Success in the hatchery is often measured by hatch results and as every unhatched chick represents a financial loss, investment in good equipment and processes is important, to minimise these...

Nutrition of the Developing Embryo and Hatchling
By E. T. Moran, Jr. Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University. Published in Poultry Science, Volume 86, Issue 5, May 2007 edition.

The Incubation of Ratite Eggs
By Joan S. Jeffrey, Gregory P. Martin,Roy C. Fanguy, Texas A&M University System.

Changes in Brown Eggshell Color As the Hen Ages
By A. Z. Odabai, R. D. Miles, M. O. Balaban, and K. M. Portier, University of Florida and published in Poultry Science, Volume 86, Issue 2, February 2007 edition.

Big eggs give big chicks, don’t they?
By Ron Meijerhof, Senior Technical Specialist, Hybro B.V. - In the field we often see that the chick quality coming from old breeder flocks is not as good as we would like it to see.

Ventilation of incubators, the secrets of carbon dioxide, humidity and finally temperature
By Ron Meijerhof, Senior Technical Specialist, Hybro B.V. - During incubation the embryo, as any living organism, needs oxygen and produces carbon dioxide, metabolic water and metabolic heat.

The economics of a short hatch window
By Pas Reform - In hatcheries all over the world, hatchery managers and owners place great importance on the uniformity and liveability of the chicks they produce.

Metabolic Responses of Chick Embryos to Short-Term Temperature Fluctuations
By A. Lourens, H. van den Brand, M. J. W. Heetkamp, B. Kemp, Wageningen University and Ron Meijerhof, Senior Technical Specialist, Hybro B.V., Boxmeer, The Netherlands - Two experiments were carried out to study embryonic metabolic responses to short-term...

What Measures Can Be Taken To Keep The Hatchery Free Of The Fungus Aspergillus
By Pas Reform - Aspergillosis is a fungal infection of the respiratory tract in young birds, also commonly known as ‘brooder pneumonia’.

What Are The Effects Of Setting Eggs With Small Ends Up On Hatchability And Chick Performance
By Dr. Marleen Boerjan, Embryologist, Pas Reform - Eggs are incubated in setter trays for most of the incubation period. Three days before hatch, the eggs are transferred to hatcher baskets. In the setter trays the eggs are placed vertically with the...