Experts described a strong global demand for food combined with the changing dynamic in the US of the consolidation of the livestock and poultry industries and the regionalization of the swine, poultry, and dairy industries. In the US, the swine industry is primarily located in the upper Midwest and in North Carolina; the poultry industry is primarily located in Southeastern part of the country. In contrast, the dairy industry is migrating west, focusing in the upper Midwest, California, Oklahoma, eastern New Mexico, and the Texas panhandle.

In each commodity, the number of farms is decreasing but the size of operations is increasing, reducing the number of veterinarians required to serve on a day-to-day basis. Instead, these industries are hiring veterinarians as consultants for specialized services related to education and management to minimize diseases, address food safety and animal welfare concerns, and become more involved in managing the impact of these operations on the environment. "Rural veterinary practitioners will need to respond to this changing dynamic by offering a diversity of services, including those that address the health of all species as well as the community's public health and environmental management needs," said veterinarian Bennie Osburn, interim executive director of the AAVMC.

Worldwide, experts expect that a great demand for agriculture and animal protein will expand the market for US-produced food, increasing the need for the veterinary medical supervision and expertise. For example, in size, China is about equal to or slightly smaller than the US but 70 per cent of China's land mass is mountains, plateaus, and hills, much of which is not conducive for agriculture or livestock. With 1.34 billion people versus 313 million in the US, China is expected to experience a huge demand for food to feed its burgeoning population, as will other areas of the globe.

"The Animal Health Industry is at a crossroads," said Rick Sibbel, director of technical services for US cattle for Merck Animal Health, who pointed out that the veterinarians of tomorrow will need business and communication skills as well as medical skills. His observation aligns with the recommendations outlined in The Roadmap for Veterinary Medical Education in the 21st Century: Responsive, Collaborative, Flexible, a report produced by the AAVMC as part of the North American Veterinary Medical Education Consortium (NAVMEC), which calls for an emphasis on the competencies required for practice. For rural practitioners, those competencies would include communication skills, personnel management, education of farmworkers, business skills, and leadership. The report also addressed the importance of reducing educational costs and student debt, as well as the recommended development of Centers of Excellence, which could be consolidated in areas of industry specialization and focus. The creation of Centers of Excellence would reduce the costs of specialized education for individual colleges and take advantage of the economies of scale available in areas where a concentration of livestock and specialized expertise exists.

Conference attendees also emphasized the need for loan repayment programs to assist those new graduates in repaying their student loans as they build practices in rural communities.

"The information from these sessions, which brought the veterinary industry and education together, will form the basis for reviewing and planning for more collaboration of colleges to address the changing educational needs of America's diverse agricultural systems," said Dr Osburn.