Slow-growing naked neck genetics (above) and medium-growing alternative genetics (below).
^{Both pictures by Anne Fanatico, NCAT}

The NOP stipulates that breeds should be chosen for their resistance to disease and their appropriateness to a site or operation.

However, in the United States, high yielding genetics are typically used in both conventional and organic poultry production.

The conventional broiler is an efficient bird that grows to market weight in seven weeks and has a high yield of breast meat. However, it may have health problems due to the fast growth. Metabolic problems include ascites (water belly) and sudden death syndrome, and leg problems include lameness. In contrast, slow-growing meat birds are used in the European Union organic programme. Although slow growing birds are less efficient meat producers, they have better livability, lower mortality rates and are more active.

In terms of egg layers, high-yielding birds lay more than 300 eggs per year but may develop osteoporosis or brittle bones. There is increasing interest in using standard breeds with historical significance, known as heritage breeds, for organic production, but heritage breeds have only been selected for egg production or exhibition for the last several decades and good utility strains for meat need to be developed.

For more information on genetics, see ATTRA's Poultry Genetics for Pastured Production.

The NOP does not require the origin of the birds to be organic. In fact, there are currently no certified organic poultry hatcheries in the United States. Non-organic chicks may be used but must be under organic management after the second day after hatching.