International Egg and Poultry Review
By the USDA's Agricultural Marketing Service - This is a weekly report looking at international developments concerning the poultry industry, this week looking at the Avian Influenza situation in Turkey.
The Avian Influenza Situation in Turkey
Turkey reported its first case of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI)
to the OIE last October 10, 2005 in a backyard flock of 4.5 month old
turkeys. The flock of 1,800 destroyed birds were located in a sparsely
populated military zone between Kiziksa and Salur villages in Manyas
district, Balikesir province, which is situated in the northwestern part of
Marmara region. It was the first occurrence of a listed disease or infection
in the country. The source was unknown and the following measures
were taken to counteract the disease: stamping out, quarantine,
controlled movements within Turkey, zoning (3-km-radius protection
zone and a 10-km-radius surveillance zone), and disinfection of all
premises and establishments.
On December 8, 2006 Turkey prematurely declared itself free of avian
influenza only to have another flare up in some backyard chickens,
geese, turkeys, and ducks in Igdir province. Around 1,559 poultry were
destroyed and more control measures were taken. Between December
27, 2005 and March 31, 2006 outbreaks of AI were found in a total
51 of the country's 81 provinces.
The last outbreak to date was March 31, 2006 in Yozgat province. Between
April 6, 2006 and present Turkey has had no new cases of bird
flu and has eradicated 32 of the infected provinces. All quarantines and
related restrictions have been removed by Turkey's Ministry of Agriculture
and Rural Affairs. However restrictions related to the banning of
live bird markets, the selling of live birds, and the hunting of wild birds
will continue indefinitely. Field surveillance is also expected to continue
with random blood sampling and monitoring taking place over the next
3 months at least. The periodic screening of industrial poultry operations
will continued even though screenings of poultry in villages has
ceased. Also the Ministry of Environment and Forestry is developing
and looking for funding to observe and record bird migration routes,
which would be compiled into a National Bird Observation System.
Turkey's residual control program has been approved by the European
Union (EU), which should allow them to export poultry to the EU immediately;
however Turkey will have to wait six months from this past April
before it can resume exporting poultry, due to the AI outbreaks. In light of
this industry representatives remain skeptical believing exports will not
truly resume until Turkey has lifted its bans on EU live animal and
meat.
Since October of 2005, Turkey's broiler sector has suffered as poultry
demand fell 90% shortly after the December outbreaks. Broiler stocks
increased to more than 100,000 metric tons (MT) with prices bottoming
at YTL 1.50 per kilogram on whole birds. In March, demand rebounded
prompting increases in production and price (YTL 2.60 per kilogram for
whole birds). Producers profited as the cost of production is YTL 2.00
per kilogram, thus instigating another production increase, an excess
of product, and the reduction of prices to its current level, YTL 1.60 per
kilogram.
Current broiler stocks are estimated to be at 70,000 MT with weekly
broiler consumption and production at 19,000 MT, which is slightly
lower than the 21,000 MT in 2005. Production was at 940,000 MT in
2004 and 960,000 MT in 2005 with 2006 expectations to be similar to
10% lower. In 2006, turkey production is projected to be at 50,000 MT
and 55,000 MT on spent hens and other poultry.
In comparison, the Turkish egg sector has endured a longer period of
hardship from the bird flu outbreaks since the industry cannot maintain
large stocks. At the height of the crisis, Turkey's egg stocks were at
about 500 million eggs with prices to producers reduced to YTL 0.03
per egg from YTL 0.07 per egg. Even though prices began to gradually
increase to around YTL 0.06 per egg by mid-April producers continued
to lose money as cost of production is YTL 0.07 per egg.
After all of the stocks were disposed of April 15, 2006 egg prices recovered
to YTL 0.08 per egg as producers began to profit. Yet the price
surge did not last long and prices fell slightly to its current fluctuating
level, YTL 0.07 to 0.075 per egg. Egg demand is currently estimated at
roughly 140 million a week and 7.3 billion a year, which is lower than
2005 with 160 million and 8.3 billion respectively. Note egg prices,
production, and consumption all vary considerably with the seasons.
At present, Turkey has an estimated 34 million industrial layers (includes
8 million layer chicks), which is down significantly from 2005's
43 million layers (includes 14 million layer chicks). On January 24,
2006 the government of Turkey (GOT) decreed all spent hens be culled,
totalling 13.5 million in 1 month alone. Compensation payments were
made in March and April for YTL 1.10 per bird. A support program was
introduced at the end of March paying producers YTL 0.30 per bird
slaughtered and slaughterhouses YTL 0.10 per bird. About 4 million
spent hens are estimated to be slaughtered within a 3-month period
and that the GOT will pay a total of YTL 1.6 million (US $1.1 million) by
July when the program is completed. (On June 13, 2006: USD $1.00 =
YTL (New Turkish Lire) $1.60).
Source: OIE/USDA FAS/USDA AMS/FAO
Current June World Avian Influenza Update
June 7-9, 2006 new outbreaks of HPAI were confirmed in poultry in
Xinjiang, Qinhai, and Tibet provinces in the Republic of China. About
2,754 birds were destroyed with control measures being applied.
June 7, 2006 Poland and Switzerland both reported no further cases of
HPAI since the last confirmed outbreak in each country. Poland lifted
restrictions. In Switzerland zoning measures were lifted May 1, 2006,
however monitoring continues. Niger confirmed H5N1 in backyard poultry
(chickens) with 530 deaths and 8,000 susceptible. Control measures
are being taken.
June 5, 2006 India reported no new cases of avian flu since its last
outbreak April 18 ,2006, which destroyed 31,970 backyard and commercial
birds. Surveillance continues. June 4, 2006 Israel declared no
further cases of HPAI since its last outbreak April 1, 2006. Cleaning
and disinfection were completed May 1, 2006. About 1,120,000 commercial
birds were destroyed.
June 1, 2006 Romania reported HPAI in backyard poultry in the following
counties: Alba, Arges, Bacau, Brasov, Bucuresti, Buzau, Gorj, Ilfov,
Mures, Prahova, Valcea, and Vrancea. Around 18,174 birds were destroyed.
Source: OIE
To view the full report, including tables please click here
Source: USDA's Agricultural Marketing Service - 13th June 2006