HPAI detections in Europe surge to record levels in autumn 2025
Wild bird cases four times higher than last year, EFSA reports
26 November 2025
1 minute read
By: Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) detections in European wild birds climbed sharply this autumn, with 1,443 cases confirmed across 26 countries between September 6 and November 14, 2025, according to a recent report from the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).
The total was four times higher than during the same period in 2024 and the highest reported for these weeks since at least 2016.
Nearly all detections(99%) were caused by HPAI A(H5N1) viruses. In its report, EFSA noted that most virus samples were linked to EA-2024-DI.2.1, a new sub-lineage of the EA-2024-DI.2 genotype. The virus was found in an expanding range of waterfowl species, including ducks, geese and swans, across much of Europe. High numbers of common cranes were also affected along a broad corridor stretching from northeast to southwest Europe.
EFSA warned that the exceptional level of virus circulation in wild birds, along with extensive environmental contamination, increases the risk of spillover into domestic flocks. The agency stressed the need for strict biosecurity and rapid detection in poultry establishments to limit introductions and prevent onward spread. It also recommended prompt removal of wild bird carcasses to reduce infection risks for other birds and mammals.
Source: European Food Safety Authority (2025)
