GLOBAL POULTRY TRENDS 2014: Steady Rise in Chicken Meat Output for Africa and Oceania

In Africa and Oceania, chicken meat production increased by more than four per cent annually between 2000 and 2012, the most recent year recorded, reports industry analyst, Terry Evans, in his review of the poultry meat sector in those two regions.
calendar icon 18 November 2014
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Africa Set to Produce Six Million Tonnes of Chicken

Africa currently accounts for almost 16 per cent of the world’s human population but only five per cent of global chicken meat production.

During the period 2000 to 2012, chicken meat production in Africa expanded by almost two million tonnes, recording an annual average growth rate of some 4.4 per cent per year. This was as little faster than world production, which returned a shade below four per cent. Hence Africa’s share of global output has increased slightly from 4.7 to a little below 5 per cent (Table 1).

Table 1. Indigenous* chicken meat production (million tonnes)
Region2000200520062007200820092010201120122013E2014F
Africa 2.8 3.3 3.4 3.7 4.0 4.2 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.7
Americas 27.1 32.7 33.7 35.0 37.5 36.9 38.6 39.8 40.1 40.6 41.3
Asia 18.6 22.4 23.5 25.0 26.2 28.0 29.2 29.9 31.4 31.8 32.1
Europe 9.3 10.9 10.8 11.6 12.1 13.3 13.9 14.6 15.4 15.9 16.5
Oceania 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2
WORLD 58.5 70.2 72.3 76.2 80.7 83.4 87.3 90.1 92.7 94.2 95.8
*Meat from the slaughter of birds originating in a particular country, plus the meat equivalent of any such birds exported live.
E 2013 and F 2014: 5m estimates and forecasts for chicken meat.
Regional figures may not add up to the world totals due to rounding.
Source: FAO for chicken meat.

The rate of growth in output is slowing with forward estimates pointing to an annual increase during the next decade of less than 2.5 per cent as poultry meat production expands from around 109 million tonnes in 2014 to 134.5 million tonnes in 2023. As chicken meat represents about 88 per cent of poultry meat production, it is anticipated that chicken output will rise from around 95 to 96 million tonnes this year, to more than 118 million tonnes by 2023, of which Africa might account for some six million tonnes.

Table 2. Chicken meat production in Africa ('000 tonnes eviscerated weight)
Country2000200520082009201020112012
Algeria 235.3 249.6 250.6 249.5 252.6 251.8 252.8
Angola 7.6 7.2 13.1 15.9 19.1 22.3 23.2
Benin 12.2 15.4 20.9 21.4 22.2 23.5 23.7
Botswana 3.6 4.8 5.0 4.5 4.4 5.7 6.0
Burkina Faso 27.0 30.8 33.7 35.3 37.2 38.3 38.8
Burundi 5.8 6.5 6.7 6.7 6.8 6.8 3.8
Cameroon 21.2 53.2 67.5 63.8 67.8 69.8 70.2
Cabo Verde 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6
Central African Rep. 3.2 4.2 5.2 5.5 5.7 5.9 6.0
Chad 4.7 4.9 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.3
Comoros 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
Congo 4.4 5.6 5.9 6.0 6.2 6.5 6.6
Congo Dem. Rep. 11.4 10.5 10.3 10.4 8.6 10.3 10.3
Cote d'Ivoire 21.9 21.7 22.6 23.2 34.7 33.2 33.4
Egypt 511.8 569.7 628.8 671.2 744.0 796.2 800.1
Equatorial Guinea 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Eritrea 1.7 2.1 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7
Ethiopia 37.6 42.5 48.3 50.4 59.2 53.9 60.4
Gabon 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.6
Gambia 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.5
Ghana 19.0 26.5 42.3 32.9 35.6 36.9 42.7
Guinea 4.1 5.6 6.7 6.7 6.4 6.2 6.3
Guinea-Bissau 1.1 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.9
Kenya 18.6 24.6 26.3 28.7 31.0 22.6 22.7
Lesotho 1.8 2.1 1.5 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.6
Liberia 6.4 8.5 10.0 10.4 10.9 11.4 11.6
Libya 96.9 99.1 120.2 124.8 128.7 123.5 124.2
Madagascar 31.7 35.4 36.1 36.9 36.3 36.0 36.3
Malawi 15.3 15.8 19.0 21.3 21.4 22.4 22.4
Mali 29.2 34.9 39.4 41.0 41.7 41.3 42.1
Mauritania 4.0 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.5 4.6
Mauritius 21.1 33.3 43.3 44.9 46.5 48.4 48.6
Morocco 238.3 361.1 436.2 486.5 558.8 586.2 556.4
Mozambique 28.8 17.1 24.2 29.7 28.3 27.0 22.7
Namibia 4.0 3.5 6.1 6.8 6.8 7.2 7.6
Niger 11.0 11.7 10.7 16.2 16.6 16.6 16.8
Nigeria 158.8 218.5 260.0 272.9 286.0 300.0 290.0
Reunion 13.3 14.1 15.0 15.7 16.8 17.0 17.2
Rwanda 1.4 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.2
Sao Tome/Principe 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7
Senegal 23.0 29.0 41.0 39.3 45.4 55.7 56.6
Seychelles 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.9
Sierra Leone 5.4 4.5 9.0 11.9 13.0 13.7 13.9
Somalia 3.2 3.7 3.3 3.1 3.5 3.5 3.6
South Africa 818.7 948.7 1,327.5 1,387.3 1,473.4 1,485.6 1,488.6
Sudan (former) 25.8 26.0 25.6 27.3 37.3 39.3 44.3
Swaziland 3.8 5.2 4.0 4.0 4.5 4.6 4.7
Tanzania Un. Rep. 44.2 51.2 48.6 48.3 53.5 54.2 55.2
Togo 12.0 17.6 20.6 26.0 28.4 29.6 31.2
Tunisia 86.0 86.3 101.8 101.8 111.6 106.9 126.3
Uganda 43.6 50.4 44.1 50.3 56.3 60.2 61.0
Zambia 35.0 39.4 38.3 40.0 42.5 42.8 43.8
Zimbabwe 33.5 52.2 61.4 62.5 61.8 64.1 64.6
AFRICA 2,755.4 3,269.7 3,963.0 4,164.9 4,495.8 4,611.5 4,621.7
Source: FAO

Seven African countries are already producing more than 100,000 tonnes a year, their combined output amounting to some 3.64 million tonnes or just under 79 per cent of the regional total. Nevertheless, those interested in the development of this region should also take note of the other countries which have recorded good growth since 2000; only a handful have suffered a cut-back in production (Table 2). However, almost all the countries have noted a slowdown in the rate of expansion in the latter part of the review period. This has been particularly evident among the leading producing nations (Figure 1).

Table 3. Chicken meat production ranking
in Africa in 2012 ('000 tonnes)
CountryProduction
South Africa 1,488.6
Egypt 800.1
Morocco 556.4
Nigeria 290.0
Algeria 252.8
Tunisia 126.3
Libya 124.2
Cameroon 70.2
Zimbabwe 64.6
Uganda 61.0
Ethiopia 60.4
Senegal 56.6
Tanzania Un. Rep. 55.2
Mauritius 48.6
Sudan (former) 44.3
Zambia 43.8
Ghana 42.7
Mali 42.1
Burkina Faso 38.8
Madagascar 36.3
Cote d'Ivoire 33.4
Togo 31.2
Benin 23.7
Angola 23.2
Mozambique 22.7
Kenya 22.7
Malawi 22.4
Reunion 17.2
Niger 16.8
Sierra Leone 13.9
Liberia 11.6
Congo Dem. Rep. 10.3
Namibia 7.6
Congo 6.6
Guinea 6.3
Central African Rep. 6.0
Botswana 6.0
Chad 5.3
Swaziland 4.7
Mauritania 4.6
Burundi 3.8
Somalia 3.6
Gabon 3.6
Rwanda 2.2
Guinea-Bissau 1.9
Eritrea 1.7
Lesotho 1.6
Gambia 1.5
Seychelles 0.9
Sao Tome/Principe 0.7
Cabo Verde 0.6
Comoros 0.5
Equatorial Guinea 0.2
Source: FAO

Chicken meat output in the biggest producer, South Africa, expanded by more than five per cent per year from 2000 to 2012 as it climbed from 819,000 tonnes to almost 1.5 million tonnes (Table 2, Figure 1).

According to Marthinus Stander, Chair of the South African Poultry Association’s Broiler Organising Committee, recent years have been extremely difficult for the broiler sector, which has been under the pressures of cost rises, increased imports and a depressed domestic demand for chicken. This caused a number of long-established companies to go out of business in 2013.

Broiler slaughterings in 2013 declined by 0.4 per cent on the 951 million processed in 2012. Chicken production in 2013, including subsistence farming and depleted breeders from the broiler and layer sectors, came close to 1.7 million tonnes. On top of this, the market received some 355,000 tonnes of frozen imported broilers, pushing total consumption over two million tonnes.

No significant increase in production is anticipated in South Africa in 2014 although an improvement in the overall financial environment in the first six months of the year could give impetus to a slight increase in production during the second half of the year.

Production in Morocco slipped back by five per cent to 556,000 tonnes in 2012, having recorded a growth of more than eight per cent per year to 2011.

The chicken industry in Nigeria reported an annual growth rate of six per cent to 2011 but, like many other countries both inside and outside this region, economic pressures led to a cut-back in 2012. However, forecasts to 2021 postulate production climbing to around 400,000 tonnes a year.

Production in Algeria, Africa’s fifth largest chicken producer is 'flat', having not shown any significant signs of growth since 2003.

5m Publishing
Figure 1. Leading chicken meat producers in Africa ('000 tonnes)

Chicken Production in Oceania Led by Australia and New Zealand

Chicken meat production in Oceania in 2012 represented some 1.3 per cent of the world total of 92.7 million tonnes. Between 2000 and 2012, output grew by 4.4 per cent per year or 68 per cent from 736,000 tonnes to 1.24 million tonnes (Table 4).

It is clear from this table and Figure 1 that the regional total is almost entirely dependent upon developments in Australia and, to a much lesser extent, New Zealand; their combined output in 2012 of 1.21 million tonnes equating with almost 98 per cent of the total for Oceania.

Table 4. Chicken meat production in Oceania ('000 tonnes eviscerated weight)
Country2000200520082009201020112012
American Samoa * * * * * * *
Australia 613.6 760.5 803.7 834.5 883.2 1,017.5 1,039.7
Cook Isl. * * * * * * *
Fiji 8.1 11.8 14.2 11.7 14.3 20.4 15.7
French Polynesia 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5
Guam * * * * * * *
Kiribati 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8
Micronesia Fed. St. 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nauru * * * * * * *
New Caledonia 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9
New Zealand 105.3 158.5 146.8 136.9 144.4 159.9 171.5
Niue * * * * * * *
Papua New Guinea 5.4 5.6 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.9 6.0
Samoa 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
Solomon Isl. 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
Tokelau * * * * * * *
Tonga 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
Tuvalu * * * * * * *
Vanuatu 0.4 0.6 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8
Wallis/Futuna Isl. * * * * * * *
OCEANIA 735.7 940.4 975.3 993.4 1,052.1 1,208.1 1,237.4
E = estimated; * less than 50 tonnes; - less than 100,000 tonnes
Source FAO

Although on a much smaller scale, it is worth noting that output in Fiji doubled during this period to around 16,000 tonnes.

Two large integrated companies Baida and Ingham Enterprises, produce more than 70 per cent of the broilers in Australia, the balance of the market being, in the main, supplied by a handful of medium-sized privately-owned companies each producing between three and nine per cent of national output.

According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), production in 2011/12 amounted to 1.03 million tonnes from some 565 million birds yielding an average eviscerated weight of 1.8kg. In 2010, it is assessed by the Australian Chicken Meat Federation that a 2-kg liveweight bird was produced in around 35 days with a feed conversion of 1.7:1. The corresponding figures for 2000 were 39 days and 1.84:1, respectively.

According to the Australian Bureau of Agricultural Resource Economics and Sciences (ABARES), the chicken industry has expanded by some four per cent per year over the past decade and consequently provides 25 per cent of Australia’s meat production compared to 18 per cent 10 years ago. Output in 2012/13 is put at 1.05 million tonnes.

A further three per cent expansion is envisaged for 2013/14 to 1.08 million tonnes, while a similar increase is projected for 2014/15 to 1.1 million tonnes. By 2018/19, production is forecast to reach 1.25 million tonnes, at which time, it could represent 28 per cent of Australia’s meat production.

Chicken production in New Zealand also recorded a growth of a little more than four per cent per year over the period 2000 to 2012 as output went up from 105,000 tonnes to 172,000 tonnes.

Two companies dominate the scene - Tegel Poultry (Affinity Equity Partners) and Inghams New Zealand.

5m Publishing
Figure 2. Oceania's chicken meat production mirrors that for Australia ('000 tonnes)

November 2014

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